Nested loops are a common performance problem in Oracle. They occur when a query has to loop through a table multiple times to get the data it needs. This can be very inefficient, especially for large tables.
There are a number of ways to avoid nested loops. One way is to use indexes. Indexes are special data structures that Oracle uses to speed up queries. By creating an index on the column that is being looped through, Oracle can quickly find the data it needs without having to scan the entire table.