A segmentation fault is a type of error that occurs when a program attempts to access memory that it is not allowed to access. This can happen for a variety of reasons, such as when a program tries to access memory that has been freed, or when it tries to access memory that is outside of the bounds of an array. Segmentation faults can be difficult to debug, as they can be caused by a variety of factors.
There are a number of things that can be done to avoid segmentation faults. One important step is to make sure that all pointers are valid before they are used. This can be done by checking that the pointer is not null, and that it points to a valid memory location. Additionally, it is important to make sure that all arrays are properly bounded, and that the program does not attempt to access memory outside of the bounds of the array.